Why were Underwater Demolition Teams (UDTs) established?

The establishment of Underwater Demolition Teams (UDTs) was primarily a response to the challenges faced by the United States Marine Corps during the Battle of Tarawa in World War II. The harsh realities of amphibious warfare highlighted the importance of ensuring safe and effective landings on enemy-held shores. The invasion at Tarawa demonstrated that barriers such as coral reefs and underwater obstacles could severely hinder troop movements and operations. UDTs were specifically created to address these challenges by conducting reconnaissance, destroying obstacles, and clearing beach areas to facilitate Marine landings. This capability was crucial for improving the chances of success in amphibious assaults, thereby making the UDTs an essential component of the U.S. military's operational effectiveness in maritime warfare.